ਖ਼ਬਰਾਂ
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Macromolecular Architectures and Soft Nano-Objects
An alternative concept for the preparation of microgels is based on the cross-linking of well-defined macromolecular building blocks, either by direct interaction between the (pre-) polymers or by the use of low molecular weight cross-linkers.32–34ਹੋਰ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ -
Polymeric materials as bionanocomposites
In contrast to the abovementioned biopolymers, water-soluble polymers have a broad range of applications in different fields, such as food and pharmaceutical use, detergent builders, scale inhibitors, adhesives, and so forth [6]. A majority of water-soluble polymers are prepared from acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, methacrylic acid, and various combinations of these monomers. Except for their oligomers, these polymers are commonly nonbiodegradable.ਹੋਰ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ -
Research Methods in Biomineralization Science
PILPs are a useful precursor phase because they can be molded into any shape (Gower, 2008). Via PILP phases, helical shapes (Fig. 13.8) were generated (Gower & Tirrell, 1998) as well as thin films (Gower & Odom, 2000), for example. In principle, every shape is possible to generate via a PILP phase if a suitable mold is available.ਹੋਰ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ -
Microbial corrosion of metals: The corrosion microbiome
Changing environmental conditions may alter the composition of the microbial community, possibly favoring the growth of microbes that are less corrosive. For example, after 4 months of nitrate addition, the number and activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in biofilm samples were substantially reduced (Thorstenson et al., 2002). This was accompanied by an increase in nitrate reducing bacteria.ਹੋਰ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ -
Bioseparation of Proteins polyaspartic acid
Briefly describe the genetically altered charge modification utilized to enhance the electrochemical partitioning of a β-galactosidase and T4 lysozyme in aqueous two-phase systems (Luther and Glatz, 1994).ਹੋਰ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ -
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications of Polymers
The main issue concerning cancer therapy is the selective targeting of cancer cells. One of the targeting strategies being investigated is using a tumor stimuli-sensitive delivery system that depends on the shared tumor physiological imbalances, which mainly include hypoxia, excessive expression of certain enzymes, tumor acidosis, and redox imbalance.ਹੋਰ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ -
Biocompatibility, Surface Engineering, and Delivery of Drugs, Genes and Other Molecules
A micelle is generally defined as a collection of amphiphilic surfactant molecules that spontaneously aggregate in water in a concentration-dependent manner to produce a metastable aggregate. The core of the micelle is hydrophobic and therefore can sequester hydrophobic drugs. Conventional micelles are formed from small surface-active molecules that have a polar head group and a hydrophobic tail (amphiphiles). However, micelles can also be formed from large amphiphilic block copolymers.ਹੋਰ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ -
poly-l-aspartic acid (PAA) and poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA)
Given the clinical severity of the toxicities associated with aminoglycosides, a great deal of research has been devoted to the discovery of agents that can prevent these sequelae. The polyamino acids, poly-l-aspartic acid (PAA) and poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA), are a group of compounds that have been shown to be efficacious at preventing aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity without impairing antimicrobial activity (Ali 2003; Beauchamp et al. 1990; Josepovitz et al. 1982; Kishore et al.ਹੋਰ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ -
BSP may be multifunctional in osteoblastic metabolism
The other major sialoprotein is BSP, composed of 50% carbohydrate (12% is sialic acid) and stretches of polyglutamic acid (as opposed to polyaspartic acid in OPN). The RGD sequence is located at the carboxy terminus of the molecule, whereas it is located centrally in OPN. The sequence is also characterized by multiple tyrosine sulfation consensus sequences found throughout the molecule, in particular, in regions flanking the RGD (Fisher et al., 1990). Sulfated BSP has been isolated in a number of animal species, but the levels appear to be variable.ਹੋਰ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ -
Plants as factories for bioplastics and other novel biomaterials
Cyanophycin is a nitrogen-storage polymer composed of a polyaspartate backbone with arginine side chains attached with their α-amino group to the β-carboxy group of each aspartate (Figure 30.2). It is synthesized by the enzyme cyanophycin synthase and deposited as granules in cyanobacteria as well as several photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic bacteria (Berg et al., 2000ਹੋਰ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ